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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u064a.<\/strong><\/em>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<strong>\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ettijahat.org\/\">\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/aljumhuriya.net\/ar\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.\u0646\u062a<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/?lang=ar\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/syriauntold.com\/ar\/\">\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0643\u062a<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/dawlaty.org\/\">\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a.<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/media.sfjn.org\/\">\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/womenforcommonspaces.org\/\">\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/a><\/strong>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n<h5><div class=\"page-categories\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-category\/%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%a9-category\/\">\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-category\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%85%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-category\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d9%88%d9%86%d8%a9-category\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-category\/%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%a9-category\/\">\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-category\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-category\/\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/div><div class=\"page-tags\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/tag\/scpr-ar\/\">SCPR<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/tag\/syria-ar\/\">Syria<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/tag\/%d8%af%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%82\/\">\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/tag\/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%86%d9%81-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a\/\">\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 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\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0634\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0628\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 240 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0 &#8211; \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 80 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> Christa Salamandra. A New Old Damascus: Authenticity and Distinction in Urban Syria. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2004.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> Copertino, D. 2013. &#8220;Reinterpreting and Reforming the City: Patrimonialization, Cosmopolitanisms, and the Ethnography of the Heritage-Scape in Damascus.&#8221; Ethnologies 35 (2): 101\u2013128.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> Salamandra, Christa. 2017. &#8220;Waiting: The Neighborhood that Eats Its Children.&#8221; Drama Critics 3 (May): 52-63.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> Al-Ghazzi, Omar. 2013. &#8220;Nation as Neighborhood: How Bab al-Hara Dramatized Syrian Identity.&#8221; Media, Culture &amp; Society 35, no. 5: 586-601.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> Bourdieu, Pierre. &#8220;Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste.&#8221;\u00a0Harvard UP\u00a0(1984).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> Shannon, Jonathan H. 2005. &#8220;Metonyms of Modernity in Contemporary Syrian Music and Painting.&#8221; Ethnos 70 (3): 361\u2013386.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> &#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u0623\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1986\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1217 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011. \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 222 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1963 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> Ramadan, Najia Taher, and others. Assessment of Heritage Preservation Projects in the Old City of Damascus from the Perspective of International Conventions and Standards. ALADAB magazine, 142 September. 2022<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> Herb, G. H. 1999. &#8220;National Identity and Territory.&#8221; In Nested Identities: Nationalism, Territory, and Scale, edited by G. Herb and D. Kaplan, 9-30. Lanham: Rowman &amp; Littlefield.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> Smith, Laurajane. &#8220;Heritage, Power and Ideology.&#8221; In The Palgrave Handbook of Contemporary Heritage Research, edited by Emma Waterton and Steve Watson, 159-177. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 8 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/ \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> CNN Arabic. &#8220;Assad Syria Pray.&#8221; CNN, July 28, 2014. https:\/\/arabic.cnn.com\/middleeast\/2014\/07\/28\/assad-syria-pray.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> Creighton, Oliver. 2007. &#8220;Contested Townscapes: The Walled City as World Heritage.&#8221; World Archaeology 39, no. 3: 339\u2013354.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> Salamandra, Christa.\u00a0A New Old Damascus: Authenticity and Distinction in Urban Syria.\u00a0Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> &#8211; \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c 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\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u062a\u0628\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 (1946-1920)\u060c \u0635\u0645\u0645 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629: \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u062a 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\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> Halabi, Nour. 2017. &#8220;The Ancient Walls of Damascus and the Siege of Mouaddamiyya: A Historical and Spatial Analysis of Bounded Place and Cultural Identity.&#8221; Space and Culture 20, no. 4: 441-453.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> Khoury, Philip S. 1983. Urban Notables and Arab Nationalism: The Politics of Damascus 1860-1920. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> Abo Fakher, Saker. 2012 &#8220;The Syrian Issue and Its Regional and International Attractions: A Study in Power Equations and Conflict in Syria.&#8221; Doha Institute for Graduate Studies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> Salamandra, Christa.\u00a0A New Old Damascus: Authenticity and Distinction in Urban Syria.\u00a0Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062d\u0643\u201d \u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0637 \u0645\u0624\u0630\u0646\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> Creighton, Oliver H., and Robert Higham. 2005. Medieval Town Walls: An Archaeology and Social History of Urban Defence. Stroud: Tempus.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> &#8211; \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u063a\u062f\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u06451979. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a: <a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/20\/documents\">https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/20\/documents<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> Maffi, Irene and Rami Daher, eds. 2013. Politics and Practices of Patrimonialization in the Arab World: Repositioning the Material Past in the Present. London: IB Tauris.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> Enab Baladi. &#8220;\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0645\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u061f&#8221; Enab Baladi, December 11, 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> Anderson, Benedict. &#8220;Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism.&#8221; In The new social theory reader, pp. 282-288. Routledge, 2020. Harvard<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> Yassar ABDIN, &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a.&#8221; Academia.edu. Accessed January 3, 2025. https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/126493808.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> Gans, Herbert J. 1962. The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans. New York: Free Press of Glencoe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> Tuan, Yi-Fu. Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1977.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> As-Safir Al-Arabi. &#8220;\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642.&#8221; As-Safir Al-Arabi, May 11, 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> Al Jazeera. &#8220;\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064097: \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.&#8221; Al Jazeera, October 19, 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> Nora, Pierre (ed.) (1996) Realms of Memory: Conflicts and Divisions, Vol. I (New York: Columbia University Press).<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<strong>\u00a0 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Abdin, Yassar. &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a.&#8221; Academia.edu. Accessed January 3, 2025. https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/126493808.<\/li>\n<li>Al-Ghazzi, Omar. 2013. &#8220;Nation as Neighborhood: How *Bab al-Hara* Dramatized Syrian Identity.&#8221; *Media, Culture &amp; Society* 35, no. 5: 586-601.<\/li>\n<li>Al Jazeera. &#8220;\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064097: \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.&#8221; Al Jazeera, October 19, 2022.<\/li>\n<li>Anderson, Benedict. &#8220;Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism.&#8221; In *The New Social Theory Reader*, 282-288. Routledge, 2020.<\/li>\n<li>As-Safir Al-Arabi. &#8220;\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642.&#8221; As-Safir Al-Arabi, May 11, 2022.<\/li>\n<li>Bourdieu, Pierre. *Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste*. Harvard University Press, 1984.<\/li>\n<li>CNN Arabic. &#8220;Assad Syria Pray.&#8221; CNN, July 28, 2014. https:\/\/arabic.cnn.com\/middleeast\/2014\/07\/28\/assad-syria-pray.<\/li>\n<li>Copertino, D. 2013. Reinterpreting and Reforming the City: Patrimonialization, Cosmopolitanisms, and the Ethnography of the Heritage Landscape in Damascus. *Ethnologies* 35 (2): 101\u2013128.<\/li>\n<li>Creighton, Oliver. 2007. &#8220;Contested Townscapes: The Walled City as World Heritage.&#8221; *World Archaeology* 39, no. 3: 339\u2013354.<\/li>\n<li>Creighton, Oliver H., and Robert Higham. 2005. *Medieval Town Walls: An Archaeology and Social History of Urban Defence*. Stroud: Tempus.<\/li>\n<li>Enab Baladi. &#8220;\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0645\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u061f&#8221; Enab Baladi, December 11, 2021.<\/li>\n<li>Gans, Herbert J. 1962. *The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans*. New York: Free Press of Glencoe.<\/li>\n<li>Guyot, Sylvain, and Cynthia Seethal. 2007. &#8220;Identity of Place, Places of Identities: Change of Place Names in Post-Apartheid South Africa.&#8221; *South African Geographical Review* 89, no. 1: 55-63.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li>N Halabi, C Salamandra. 2019. \u201cIntroduction: The Politics in and of Middle Eastern Television Drama\u201d. Middle East Critique 28 (2), 97-100<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol>\n<li>Halabi, Nour. 2017. &#8220;The Ancient Walls of Damascus and the Siege of Mouaddamiyya: A Historical and Spatial Analysis of Bounded Place and Cultural Identity.&#8221; *Space and Culture* 20, no. 4: 441-453.<\/li>\n<li>Herb, G. H. 1999. &#8220;National Identity and Territory.&#8221; In *Nested Identities: Nationalism, Territory, and Scale*, edited by G. Herb and D. Kaplan, 9-30. Lanham: Rowman &amp; Littlefield.<\/li>\n<li>Hobsbawm, Eric, and Terence Ranger, eds. *The Invention of Tradition*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983, 1996.<\/li>\n<li>Khoury, Philip S. 1983. *Urban Notables and Arab Nationalism: The Politics of Damascus 1860-1920*. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<\/li>\n<li>Maffi, Irene, and Rami Daher, eds. 2013. *Politics and Practices of Patrimonialization in the Arab World: Repositioning the Material Past in the Present*. London: IB Tauris.<\/li>\n<li>Nora, Pierre, ed. 1996. *Realms of Memory: Conflicts and Divisions, Vol. I*. New York: Columbia University Press.<\/li>\n<li>Ramadan, Najia Taher, and Monther Jamhawi. Assessment of Heritage Preservation Projects in the Old City of Damascus from the Perspective of International Conventions and Standards. ADAAB Mag. Issue 142. 2022<\/li>\n<li>Salamandra, Christa. 2017. &#8220;Waiting: The Neighborhood that Eats Its Children.&#8221; *Drama Critics* 3 (May): 52-63.<\/li>\n<li>Salamandra, Christa. *A New Old Damascus: Authenticity and Distinction in Urban Syria*. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2004.<\/li>\n<li>Shannon, Jonathan H. 2005. &#8220;Metonyms of Modernity in Contemporary Syrian Music and Painting.&#8221; *Ethnos* 70 (3): 361\u2013386.<\/li>\n<li>Smith, Laurajane. &#8220;Heritage, Power and Ideology.&#8221; In *The Palgrave Handbook of Contemporary Heritage Research*, edited by Emma Waterton and Steve Watson, 159-177. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.<\/li>\n<li>Tuan, Yi-Fu. *Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience*. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1977.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n<h5><div class=\"page-categories\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-category\/%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%a9-category\/\">\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-category\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%85%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-category\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d9%88%d9%86%d8%a9-category\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-category\/%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%a9-category\/\">\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-category\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-category\/\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/div><div class=\"page-tags\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/tag\/scpr-ar\/\">SCPR<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/tag\/syria-ar\/\">Syria<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/tag\/%d8%af%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%82\/\">\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/tag\/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%86%d9%81-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a\/\">\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a<\/a><\/div><\/h5>\n[\/vc_column_text]\t<div class=\"thb-share-icons thb-right style1\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fscpr-syria.org%2Far%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D8%25B5%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA-2%2F%25D9%2585%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2580%25D9%2580%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AF%25D9%2585%25D9%2580%25D9%2580%25D9%2580%25D8%25B4%25D9%2582%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D9%2581-%25D8%25B5%25D8%25A7%25D8%25BA%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25A2%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%2F\" class=\"social boxed-icon 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href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629-\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c-\u0643\u064a\u0641-\u0635\u0627\u063a\u062a-\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a-\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0621-\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628-\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647-\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u064a-\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642-\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629-\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627-\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0645\u0629.pdf\" target=\"_self\" role=\"button\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span>\u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t[vc_empty_space height=&#8221;1vh&#8221;][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;3vh&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_row_inner thb_column_padding=&#8221;true&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1723450319260{padding-top: 4vh !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_inner css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1723707928059{padding-bottom: 5vh !important;}&#8221;][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<em><strong>\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0629 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u062c\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649<a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA\/%D9%85%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%81-%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%86\/\"> \u201c\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0651\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u201d<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a 22 \u064823 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\/ \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2025. \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u064a.<\/strong><\/em>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<strong>\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ettijahat.org\/\">\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/aljumhuriya.net\/ar\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.\u0646\u062a<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/?lang=ar\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/syriauntold.com\/ar\/\">\u062d\u0643\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0643\u062a<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/dawlaty.org\/\">\u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u064a.<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/media.sfjn.org\/\">\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a.<\/a>\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/womenforcommonspaces.org\/\">\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629.<\/a><\/strong>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n<h5><div class=\"page-categories\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-category\/%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%a9-category\/\">\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 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href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-category\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-category\/\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/div><div class=\"page-tags\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/tag\/scpr-ar\/\">SCPR<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/tag\/syria-ar\/\">Syria<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/tag\/%d8%af%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%82\/\">\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/tag\/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%86%d9%81-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a\/\">\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a<\/a><\/div><\/h5>\n[\/vc_column_text]\t<div class=\"thb-share-icons thb-right style1\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a) \u0643\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0633\u064a\u062f (\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a. \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u062a\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u064a\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 (\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0640 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 2000 \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0648\u064a. \u062a\u064f\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 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\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0634\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0644 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0637\u0639\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0628\u064a\u062a \u062d\u0642\u0651\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0638\u0645\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0651\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u062a\u0634\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 240 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u0643\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0647\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0622\u0644 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2016.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>\u00a0 &#8211; \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 80 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> Christa Salamandra. A New Old Damascus: Authenticity and Distinction in Urban Syria. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 2004.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> Copertino, D. 2013. &#8220;Reinterpreting and Reforming the City: Patrimonialization, Cosmopolitanisms, and the Ethnography of the Heritage-Scape in Damascus.&#8221; Ethnologies 35 (2): 101\u2013128.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> Salamandra, Christa. 2017. &#8220;Waiting: The Neighborhood that Eats Its Children.&#8221; Drama Critics 3 (May): 52-63.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> Al-Ghazzi, Omar. 2013. &#8220;Nation as Neighborhood: How Bab al-Hara Dramatized Syrian Identity.&#8221; Media, Culture &amp; Society 35, no. 5: 586-601.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> Bourdieu, Pierre. &#8220;Distinction: A social critique of the judgement of taste.&#8221;\u00a0Harvard UP\u00a0(1984).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> Shannon, Jonathan H. 2005. &#8220;Metonyms of Modernity in Contemporary Syrian Music and Painting.&#8221; Ethnos 70 (3): 361\u2013386.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> &#8211; \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2019 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0622\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0631\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u0623\u064f\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0636\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1986\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1217 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2011. \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 222 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 1963 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062a\u0642 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0641\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> Ramadan, Najia Taher, and others. Assessment of Heritage Preservation Projects in the Old City of Damascus from the Perspective of International Conventions and Standards. ALADAB magazine, 142 September. 2022<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> Herb, G. H. 1999. &#8220;National Identity and Territory.&#8221; In Nested Identities: Nationalism, Territory, and Scale, edited by G. Herb and D. Kaplan, 9-30. Lanham: Rowman &amp; Littlefield.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> Smith, Laurajane. &#8220;Heritage, Power and Ideology.&#8221; In The Palgrave Handbook of Contemporary Heritage Research, edited by Emma Waterton and Steve Watson, 159-177. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 8 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631\/ \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0642\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> CNN Arabic. &#8220;Assad Syria Pray.&#8221; CNN, July 28, 2014. https:\/\/arabic.cnn.com\/middleeast\/2014\/07\/28\/assad-syria-pray.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> Creighton, Oliver. 2007. &#8220;Contested Townscapes: The Walled City as World Heritage.&#8221; World Archaeology 39, no. 3: 339\u2013354.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> Salamandra, Christa.\u00a0A New Old Damascus: Authenticity and Distinction in Urban Syria.\u00a0Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> &#8211; \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u064b \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c 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\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0634\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0646\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0648 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0631\u0643\u0632\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0632\u0632\u0648\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> Halabi, Nour. 2017. &#8220;The Ancient Walls of Damascus and the Siege of Mouaddamiyya: A Historical and Spatial Analysis of Bounded Place and Cultural Identity.&#8221; Space and Culture 20, no. 4: 441-453.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> Khoury, Philip S. 1983. Urban Notables and Arab Nationalism: The Politics of Damascus 1860-1920. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> Abo Fakher, Saker. 2012 &#8220;The Syrian Issue and Its Regional and International Attractions: A Study in Power Equations and Conflict in Syria.&#8221; Doha Institute for Graduate Studies.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> Salamandra, Christa.\u00a0A New Old Damascus: Authenticity and Distinction in Urban Syria.\u00a0Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2004.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> &#8211; \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u062c\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u062d\u0643\u201d \u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0637 \u0645\u0624\u0630\u0646\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> Creighton, Oliver H., and Robert Higham. 2005. Medieval Town Walls: An Archaeology and Social History of Urban Defence. Stroud: Tempus.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> &#8211; \u0634\u0645\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642. \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0628\u0651\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0641\u063a\u062f\u062a \u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0641\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u06451979. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0627\u062a: <a href=\"https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/20\/documents\">https:\/\/whc.unesco.org\/en\/list\/20\/documents<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> Maffi, Irene and Rami Daher, eds. 2013. Politics and Practices of Patrimonialization in the Arab World: Repositioning the Material Past in the Present. London: IB Tauris.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> Enab Baladi. &#8220;\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642: \u0643\u064a\u0641 \u062f\u0645\u0651\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629\u061f&#8221; Enab Baladi, December 11, 2021.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> Anderson, Benedict. &#8220;Imagined communities: Reflections on the origin and spread of nationalism.&#8221; In The new social theory reader, pp. 282-288. Routledge, 2020. Harvard<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> Yassar ABDIN, &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a.&#8221; Academia.edu. Accessed January 3, 2025. https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/126493808.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> Gans, Herbert J. 1962. The Urban Villagers: Group and Class in the Life of Italian-Americans. New York: Free Press of Glencoe.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> Tuan, Yi-Fu. Space and Place: The Perspective of Experience. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1977.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> As-Safir Al-Arabi. &#8220;\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642.&#8221; As-Safir Al-Arabi, May 11, 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> Al Jazeera. &#8220;\u0641\u064a \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u064097: \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.&#8221; Al Jazeera, October 19, 2022.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> Nora, Pierre (ed.) (1996) Realms of Memory: Conflicts and Divisions, Vol. I (New York: Columbia University Press).<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text css=&#8221;&#8221;]<strong>\u00a0 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a. (2023). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a. (2022). \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c (2014). \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 2020 \u2013 2022<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c (2014). \u062f\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a. (2020). \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062d \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2023.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a. (2022). \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0633\u062d \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2024.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a. (2023). \u0647\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a. (2023). \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 2012.<\/li>\n<li>\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0627\u060c (2004) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c (2011). \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]\n<h5><div class=\"page-categories\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0626\u0627\u062a: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-category\/%d8%a3%d9%88%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%a9-category\/\">\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-category\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%85%d9%83%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-category\/\">\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%af%d9%88%d9%86%d8%a9-category\/\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646\u0629<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-category\/%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d8%ab%d9%8a%d8%a9-category\/\">\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0629<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%aa-category\/%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-category\/\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/div><div class=\"page-tags\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/tag\/scpr-ar\/\">SCPR<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/tag\/syria-ar\/\">Syria<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/tag\/%d8%af%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%82\/\">\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/scpr-syria.org\/ar\/tag\/%d9%85%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%82%d9%89-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%86%d9%81-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a\/\">\u0645\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0641 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0626\u064a<\/a><\/div><\/h5>\n[\/vc_column_text]\t<div class=\"thb-share-icons thb-right style1\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fscpr-syria.org%2Far%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D8%25B5%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA-2%2F%25D9%2585%25D9%2582%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2580%25D9%2580%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AF%25D9%2585%25D9%2580%25D9%2580%25D9%2580%25D8%25B4%25D9%2582%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D9%2583%25D9%258A%25D9%2581-%25D8%25B5%25D8%25A7%25D8%25BA%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25A2%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%2F\" class=\"social boxed-icon facebook\"><i class=\"fa fa-facebook\"><\/i><\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a 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